When citing websites or web-pages which are subject to change it is vital to make a note of the date when you accessed the page or retrieved information. Note the URL/web address of the page you have taken your reference from as you will need this information for your references.
Note: PDFs on a website are usually referenced just like a book using information available in the PDF; the reference then usually finishes with; Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
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Material Type |
In-Text Example
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Reference List Example
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See Cite Them Right; 12th Edn G24.1 p. 116-17 Website citation order:
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(Name, Year)
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Website organisation as author |
(University of Limerick, 2005) |
University of Limerick Library (2005) Cite it right, a guide to referencing in UL using the Harvard referencing style. Available at: http://www.ul.ie/~library/pdf/citeitright.pdf (Accessed: 10 November 2007). |
| Website with personal author | Professor Verlet's (2021) research profile | Verlet, J.R.R. (2021) Dynamics of anion formation. Available at: https://www.verlet.net/edc.htlm (Accessed: 14 May 2021). |
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Webpage: No Author |
Use the title of the webpage or if no title either then use the url (Improve indigenous housing, 2007) |
Improve indigenous housing now, government told. (2007) Available at: http://www.architecture.com.au/i-cms?page=10220 (Accessed 8 February 2009). |
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Webpage: No Date |
(Jones, no date) |
Jones, M. (no date) Commentary on indigenous housing initiatives. Available at: http://www.architecture.com.au (Accessed 6 June 2009). Note: If the website has no obvious date of publication / revision, use the author (no date) and the date you accessed the page. You might question how useful undated information is to your research as it may be out of date. |
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Web Document |
The web PDF can be referenced using information on the PDF and also the URL and date accessed (Department of Health and Children, 2012) |
Department of Health and Children (2012) The national carer’s strategy: recognised, supported, empowered. Dublin: Brunswick Press. Available at: http://www.dohc.ie/publications/ (Accessed: 28 February 2009). |
| Material type | In-text reference | Reference list |
| The date (Day and Month) are required for blogs and social media posts. | ||
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See Cite Them Right; 12th Edn G24.6 p. 117
Blogs/vlogs citation order
Blogs example: |
(Author, Date)
(Technological University of the Shannon, 2022) |
CITATION ORDER Author of message Year the site was last updated (in round brackets) Title if blog post (in single quotation marks) Title of internet site (in Italics) Day/month of posted message Available at: URL (Accessed: date)
Technological University of the Shannon (2022) 'How to argue with a scientist: a guide', TUS library science blog. 19th December. Available at: http://aitscience.blogspot.ie/2011/12/httpscienceblogs.html (Accessed: 20 August 2023). Note: The title of the blog is in inverted commas and the Blog name is in Italics |
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See Cite Them Right; G26.2 p. 121
Facebook citation order
Facebook example: |
(Author, Date)
(Technological University of the Shannon, 2023) |
CITATION ORDER Facebook, Twitter, Weibo, TikTok Author of post Year posted (in round brackets) Title or description of post (in single quotation marks) [Name of platform] Day/month posted Available at:URL (Accessed: date)
Technological University of the Shannon (2023) 'Graduation 2023: atmosphere of the day.' [Facebook] 31 October. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10152809297252692.1073741904.86357212691&type=1 (Accessed: 1 Nov 2023). |
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Twitter example: |
(Technological University of the Shannon, 2023) | Technological University of the Shannon (2023) 'We are recruiting for various academic, administrative and research positions.' [Twitter] 24 July. Available at: https://twitter.com/hashtag/cienciasemfronteiras?src=hash (Accessed: 6 August 2023). |
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See Cite Them Right; G24.7 p. 118
Wikipedia citation order
Wikipedia example: |
('Title', date)
'W.B. Yeats', 2022) |
CITATION ORDER 'Title of article' in single quotation marks Year the entry was published / last updated (in round brackets) Title of wiki site (in italics) Available at URL (Accessed: date).
'W.B. Yeats' (2022) Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._B._Yeats (Accessed: 11 No 2023). |
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See Cite Them Right; G21.2 p. 105 Podcast: Citation order
Podcast: example: |
(Author, date)
… (Leach, 2012) |
Leach, B. (2012) Bandura. [Podcast] 6 March, Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jK9bDXK1LY [Accessed 23 July 2013] |