E-mails are not included in the reference list because they do not provide recoverable data. E-mail is treated as personal communication which includes personal interviews, letters, phone calls, emails or messages from non-archived discussion groups.
General Format:
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Sender First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)
In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Sender First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)
References: Not included.
Example:
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (K. Johnson, personal communication, March 25, 2010)
In-Text Citation (Quotation): (K. Johnson, personal communication, March 25, 2010)
References: Not included.
General Format:
(E. Robbins, personal communication, February 15, 2021)
Reference Source: APA 7th Ed Manual Made Easy: Full concise Guide Simplified for Students). p64